Tag: muhammadiyah

Simultaneous Analytical Method Of 6-Mercaptopurine and 6-
Methylmercaptopurine In-vitro Study With Bio-Sampling
Venipuncture and Dried Blood Spot

Supandi, Supandi

Objective: 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Metabolic pathway by
thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) to become 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP).Bio-sampling is
required to obtainbiological sample, using two technique; invasive (venipuncture) and minimum
invasive(dried blood spot). This study aims to obtain an optimization and validation analysis 6-MP and
6-MMP in vitro study with bio-sampling venipuncture and dried blood spot (DBS). Method: Plasma from
venipuncture method extraction was done using dichloromethane. Separation was performed using
Waters HPLC, C18 SunfireTM column (5μm, 250 x 4.6 mm), with gradient elution, flow rate 1 mL/min
and detected at UV-PDA wavelength of 303 nm. Bio-sampling dried blood spot with DBS CAMAG®
paper diameter of 8 mm and extracted with acetonitrile-methanol (1:3). Separation was performed with
Waters LC-MS/MS UPLC C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 x 100 mm) with gradient elution, flow rate 0.2
mL/min. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was used as internal standard.Result: The method venipuncture was
linear at concentration range of 2-200 ng/mL for 6-MP and 20-2000 ng/mL for 6-MMP. The method dried
blood spot using Waters Xevo TQD for mass detection with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) for 6-
MP, 6-MMP and negative ESI for 5-FU in Multiple Reaction Monitoring mode. Linear with the range 26-
1000 ng/mL for 6-MP and 13-500 ng/mL for 6-MMP.Conclusion: The developed method is valid for 6-MP
and 6-MMP simultaneously in vitro from venipuncture using HPLC and from dried blood spot using LCMS/MS
and showed good selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision, matrix effect and stability.

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SIMULTANEOUS ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND
6-METHYLMERCAPTOPURINE IN DRIED BLOOD SPOT USING ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

Supandi, Supandi

Objective: 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a chemotherapeutic agent in the antimetabolite class. It has to go through the metabolic pathway to form
6-methyl MP (6-MMP). This study aimed to obtain an optimum and validated method for the analysis of 6-MP and 6-MMP in dried blood spot (DBS)
samples simultaneously and to evaluate the potential for future drug concentration monitoring in DBS samples.
Methods: The quality control and calibration curves were made by spotting 40 µL blood on DBS paper and dried for 3 hrs. DBS papers were cut with a
diameter of 8 mm and extracted with acetonitrile-methanol (1:3) containing internal standard 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Separation was performed with
waters acquity ultra performance liquid chromatography BEH C18 column of 1.7 μm (2.1×100 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic
acid in water 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile with gradient elution and a flow rate of 0.2 mL/minute. Mass detection was performed using Waters
Xevo TQD with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) for 6-MP and 6-MMP and negative ESI for 5-FU in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.
Results: The detection rates of 6-MP, 6-MMP, and 5-FU were 153.09>119.09, 167.17>126.03, and 129.09>42.05, respectively. This method was linear
with the range at 26-1000 ng/mL for 6-MP and 13-500 ng/mL for 6-MMP with consecutive r≥0.998 and ≥0.999, respectively. The % relative error
value and % relative standard deviation for accuracy and precision of intraday and interday were not more than 15% and not more than 20% at the
lower limit of quantification concentration, respectively.
Conclusions: This method fulfilled the requirements of selectivity, linearity, carry over, and matrix effects referring to the European Medicines Agency
guidelines.

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INCORPORATING BELIEFS, VALUES AND LOCAL WISDOM OF BETAWI CULTURE IN A CHARACTER-BASED EDUCATION THROUGH A DESIGN-BASED RESEARCH

Suswandari, Suswandari

This design-based research is part of three-year national projects examining the
incorporation of local wisdom in a character-based education in primary school contexts.
Specifically, the present study addresses two research questions: 1) what are local wisdoms of
Betawi ethnic feasible to be incorporated in character based curriculum in primary school contexts,
2) what are potential classroom instruction methods for such a local wisdom integrated
curriculum. To this end, I worked with historian, educational experts and practitioners. Multiple
data collection methods were employed, including documents study, interview, survey, focus group
discussion and observation. The collected data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively.
This study has highlighted several beliefs, values and local wisdom from Betawi culture feasible for
integration within classroom instruction. More importantly, the study has discussed an alternative
instructional method that facilitated the incorporation of the beliefs, values and local wisdom from
Betawi culture in classroom context.

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DOI: 10.13187/ejced.2017.3.574

Socio-Economics of Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Adult Tuberculosis Household Contacts in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province

Asyary, Al

Background: Since the tuberculosis (TB) disease in children constitutes a global health problem that has long been
neglected, this study sought to predict socioeconomic factors as public-health determinants that could protect children who were exposed to TB in their household. Method: A case-control study of 132 children (under 14 years old) who shared their household with adults suffering from pulmonary TB was conducted in the Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. This study consisted of an interview and anthropometry measurement for the controls screening test, while the cases were monitored by pediatricians with a scoring system childhood TB diagnosis from the secondary hospital database. A multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the results. Results: A healthy housing condition, predicted by a naturally illuminated luminary bedroom prevented the incidence of the childhood TB disease (p = 0.043) even if exposed to adult TB in their environment (p = 0.775). Conclusions: Healthy housing factors with good sunlight protected children especially at the early stage, when there were active pulmonary TB adult household contacts. Ventilation and morning sunlight facilitated air circulation, vitality and the body’s immune system towards TB protection.

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Determinants of cigarette smoking among school adolescents on the island of Java, Indonesia

Bigwanto, Mouhamad

Background: The Integrated Model of Change has successfully
explained the behavior change process. Cigarette
smoking is a social phenomenon, which needs to be
understood for devising effective preventive strategies.
Objectives: The study aims to apply the Integrated Model
of Change to determine predictive factors of cigarette
smoking behavior among school adolescents in Indonesia.
Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was
designed to collect data in Banten, Indonesia. A total of
698 students from eight high schools were recruited by
multi-stage cluster sampling. The association between
cigarette smoking and the independent variables was
examined by multiple logistic regressions.
Results: The majority of respondents (86.4%) were
between the ages of 15 and 17  years (Mean = 16.4 years;
SD = 1.01). Approximately half (48.8%) of the students ever
tried a cigarette while 29.6% were current smokers. Curiosity
was reported as the main reason for experimenting
with cigarettes (32%). The significant factors regarding
current cigarette smoking were attitude [adjusted odds
ratio (AOR) = 2.68], social norms (AOR = 12.80), self-efficacy
(AOR = 15.85), and accessibility (AOR = 4.39).
Conclusion: The study revealed social influence and selfefficacy
that were strongly associated with cigarette smoking
can help authorities in guiding possible intervention
programs for school adolescents.

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Aplikasi Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) dalam Peresepan Di GMC Health Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta [Computerized Physician Order Entry Application on Clinical Information Systems Strengthening at Prescribing in GMC Health Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta]

Asyary, Al

Clinical data in hospitals or clinics are composed as information which both of minimized the medication error and guarantee the patient safety. Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) had proved to achieve successful implementation in order to decrease medication error thorough decreasing prescribing error. However, it also reflected adverse event that included adding time for order entry to general practitioner and decreased communication and information to patient.

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HOTEL AND NIGHTCLUB DEVELOPMENT: A REFLECTED PERSPECTIVE OF SMOKE-FREE ZONE (SFZ) IMPLEMENTATION IN BOGOR CITY INDONESIA

Asyary, Al

The City of Bogor Indonesia has a long history in instilling an extraordinary identity. The existence of the Capital of Pajajaran; the Former Central and Colonial Government in Pre-Freedom Era has turned Bogor City as the center of research and tourism, and the most comfortable settlement thorough today. Bogor City’s local government has been one of the best practical city for smoke-free zone (SFZ) development regulated since 2011 by the Indonesia Ministry of Health. SFZ local government regulation was arranged implicitly in Local Government Regulation No. 12/2009 about smokes-free zone, and further regulared by the Major of Bogor Regulation No. 7/2010 about guideline of SFZ impementation.

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GROUP INVESTIGATION MODEL (GIM)
TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILL
IN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM EVALUATION CLASS

Connie Chairunnisa, Connie

The purpose of this study is to gain insight on: 1) The Implementation of group investigation model (GIM) in increasing
student conceptual achievement, 2) How GIM may improve student’s critical thinking skill, and finally 3) the study addresses some
challenges in GIM implementation. To achieve these purposes, classroom action research (CAR) was employed to investigate 19
students taking Educational Program Evaluation module in the second semester 2015/2016 at the Department of Educational
Administration in University of Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr Hamka, Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through test, observation,
interview, questionnaires and documents. The study found that 1) the practice of GIM improve students’ achievement on the
conceptual domain; 2) GIM enhances students’ critical thinking skill; 3) Some challenges identified during GIM implementation
include teacher’s teaching orientation and lack of students’ discipline in completing assignments.

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TECHNICAL AND TRADE COEFFICIENTS IN CHINA AND IN USA ECONOMIES: ARE THEY DIFFERENT?

Muchdie, Muchdie

This paper compared technical coefficients and trade coefficients in China economy to those in the USA economy based on 30-sector classification of world input-output tables of the year of 2000, 2005 and 2010. The results showed that China economy had higher technical coefficient than that of USA economy, and it was statistically significant. USA economy used less input to produce output compared to that of China economy. Based on trade coefficients, this study showed that USA economy had higher domestic component than China economy did. This difference was statistically significant. USA economy, technically, worked more efficiently; and USA economy used more domestic input than China economy did. This paper also revealed that correlation between technical coefficient and domestic component was not conclusive, as data from China proved that the correlation was positively weak, while data from USA revealed that the correlation was negatively very strong.

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ANALISIS INVESTASI KELAYAKAN PEMBANGUNAN PUSAT DISTRIBUSI
BUAH-BUAHAN DI JAKARTA SELATAN

Connie Chairunnisa, Connie

PT CM Jaya Group plans center of development fruits distribution in the region of
Jakarta south. Invesment required at that moment (1997) Rp. 18.129.198.000,00. Company have
no fund which enough for expenditure project of invesment development. This research aim to test
elegibility and evaluation of performance ability of company fund fertilization and selection
various alternatives of expenditure which can be used to finance project financing is meant above,
and aim to anticipate business opportunity in the area of horticulture which is enough bright in line
with increase of public earnings and the awareness to fruits consumption for need of subvention
body health. Based on this project development feasibility analysis used monetary theory, through
calculation which shows positive result :
1)Pay back period (PP) = 1,5 years; 2) Internal Rate of Return (IRR)= 31,45%; 3) Net Present
Value (NPV)=Rp.2. 860.357,000,00.; 4) Profitability Index (PI)= 1,16; 5) Weight Average Cost of
Capital (WACC) = 19 %; Meaning interest rate < IRR > WACC. so that inferential that based on
analytical method which is used by its result indicating that to finance this project PT CM Jaya
Group uses own fund and fund of Bank, with proportion 40%-60% eaches of fund has hope of
own profit, which all thing are cost to be paid company (cost of capital). of this project invesment
feasibility analysis shows positive result.
Keyword: Selection various alternatives of expenditure as invesment elegibility.
Abstrak: PT CM Jaya Group merencanakan pembangunan pusat distribusi buah-buahan di
Wilayah kotamadya Jakarta Selatan. Investasi yang dibutuhkan pada saat itu (1997) sebesar Rp.
18.129.198.000,00. Perusahaan tidak memiliki dana yang cukup untuk pembelajaan investasi
proyek pembangunan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kelayakan dan mengevaluasi
performance kemampuan pemupukan dana perusahaan serta pemilihan berbagai alternatif
pembelanjaan yang dapat digunakan untuk membiayai pendanaan proyek dimaksud di atas, serta
bertujuan untuk mengantisipasi peluang bisnis di bidang hortikultura yang cukup cerah sejalan
dengan kenaikan pendapatan masyarakat dan kesadaran untuk mengkonsumsi buah-buahan demi
menunjang kebutuhan kesehatan tubuh. Berdasarkan analisis kelayakan pembangunan proyek ini
menggunakan teori keuangan, melalui perhitungan yang menunjukkan hasil yang positif : 1)Pay
back period(PP) = 1,5 tahun; 2) Internal Rate of Return (IRR)= 31,45%; 3) Net Present Value
(NPV)=Rp.2. 860.357,000,00.; 4) Profitability Index (PI)= 1,16; 5) Weight Average Cost of
Capital (WACC) = 19 %; Berarti interest rate < IRR > WACC. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan
bahwa berdasarkan metode analisis yang digunakan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa untuk
membiayai proyek ini PT CM Jaya Group menggunakan dana sendiri dan dana dari Bank, dengan
proporsi 40%-60% masing-masing dana tersebut memiliki harapan keuntungan sendiri-sendiri,
yang kesemuanya merupakan biaya yang harus dibayar perusahaan (cost of capital). Dari analisis
kelayakan investasi proyek ini menunjukkan hasil yang positif.

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