Tag: jakarta

http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/346/

ANALYSIS OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND 6-METHYLMERCAPTOPURINE IN DRIED BLOOD
SPOTS USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ITS
APPLICATION IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS

Supandi, Supandi

Objective: To analyze and validate 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) in dried blood spots (DBS) using liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS).
Methods: Bio-sampling dried blood spot with DBS-CAMAG® paper diameter of 8 mm and extracted with acetonitrile-methanol (1:3) containing
internal standard 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Separation was performed with C18 column Acquity® 1.7 μm (2.1 mm × 100 mm), with a mobile phase mixture
of 0.1% formic acid in water 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile with gradient elution and flow rate 0.2 ml/min. Mass detection was Waters Xevo TQD
with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) for 6-MP, 6-MMP and negative ESI for 5-FU in multiple reaction monitoring modes. The ions of 6-MP was
detected at m/z 153.09->119.09, 6-MMP at m/z 167.17->126.03, and 5-FU at m/z 129.15->42.05.
Results: This method fulfill the requirements of selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, carry-over, matrix effects,
and stability which refers to the european medicines agency (EMEA) guidelines. The linearity of 0.99 was 26-1000 ng/mL for 6-MP and 6-MMP,
respectively. The validated method was applied to two childhood ALL maintenance phase. Retrieved 6-MP levels of 10.37 pmol/8×108 erythrocytes,
respectively. The levels of 6-MMP gained 16.59 pmol/8×108 erythrocytes, respectively.
Conclusion: The developed LC/MS-MS method is valid to analysis 6-MP and 6-MMP in DBS simultaneous in vitro according to EMEA guidelines. The
method was successfully applied to authentic capillary blood samples from two childhood patients with ALL in the maintenance phase.
Keywords: 6-mercaptopurine, 6-methylmercaptopurine, Dried blood spots, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/362/

SECTOR AND SPATIAL-SPECIFIC MULTIPLIERS IN NUSA
TENGGARA ISLANDS’ ECONOMY: AN INTER-ISLAND INPUTOUTPUT
ANALYSIS

Muchdie, Muchdie

This paper aimed to provide the results of analysis on total and flow-on multipliers, sectorspecific,
and spatial-specific multipliers in Nusa Tenggara Islands’ economy, mainly for
planning and evaluation purposes. These Islands consist of three provinces: Bali, West Nusa
Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. The model employed was Inter-Island Input-Output Model
(IIIOM) developed using new hybrid procedures with special attention on Island economy. Data
used for model were updated Indonesian data for the year of 2015. The results show that firstly,
the important sectors of Nusa Tenggara Island economy could be based on total multipliers and
flow-on effects of output, income and employment. Secondly, important economic sectors could
be based on sector-specific multipliers effects; multipliers that occurred in own sector and other
sectors. Thirdly, important economic sectors could be based on spatial-specific multipliers;
multipliers that occurred both in own region and other regions. Fourthly, important economic
sectors could be based on spatial distribution of flow-on; flow-on effects that occurred in own
region as well as in other regions.

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PROSFEKTIF METODE SAMPEL DARAH KERING DALAM BIOANALISIS

Supandi, Supandi

Biosampling of dried blood spot method became lately very interested in bioanalysis, some of the advantages given in this method compared to conventional venous canulla (venipuncture); less invasive making it more pleasant for the patient or subject, requires small volume, requires simple transportation process and storage did not need special equipment, suod stabilizes analit and reduces risk of infection. The method of dried blood spot is done by invasive light on the finger or heel prick and then spike on filter paper and dried at room temperature or under nitrogen flow with controlled humidity and stored in bag with desiccant packages, than it analyzed using validation bioanalyzing method. Dried blood spot method can be applied on bioanalysis test for pharmacokinetic, toksikokinetic , epidemiologic and Teurapeutic drug monitoring.

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TECHNICAL AND TRADE COEFFICIENTS IN INDONESIAN AND
AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIES: A COMPARISON

Muchdie, Muchdie

This paper compared technical coefficients and trade coefficients in Indonesian economy to those in Australian
economy, based on 30-sector classication
of world input-output tables of the year of 2000, 2005 and 2010. The
results showed that Indonesian economy had lower technical coefficient than that of Australian economy, but statistically it was not
signicant.
Indonesian economy used less input to produce output compared to that of Australian economy. Indonesian technical index, an
inverse of technical coefficient, was higher than that of Australian and again it was not statistically signicant.
Based on trade coefficients,
this study showed that Australian economy had higher domestic component than Indonesian economy did. This difference was statistically
signicant.
Indonesian economy, technically, worked more efficiently; but Australian economy used more domestic input. This paper also
revealed that technical coefficient had a positive correlation with import component and technical index had positive correlation with
domestic component

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SIMULTANEOUS ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF 6-MERCAPTO¬PURINE AND 6-METHYLMERCAPTOPURINE IN PLASMA BY HIGH PERFOR¬MANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-PHOTODIODE ARRAY

Supandi, Supandi

Objective: 6-Mercaptopurin is antineoplastic drug that is included in antimetabolite
group and is used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia medication. 6-Mercaptopurin
is inactive pro-drug that will be metabolized into metabolites. One
of its metabolites is 6-methylmercaptopurine. This study is aimed to optimize
the analytical conditions and perform validation for the analysis of 6-mercaptopurine
and 6-methylmercaptopurine in plasma. Method: Separation was performed
using Waters 2996 HPLC, C18 SunfireTM column (5μm, 250 x 4.6 mm)
with the mobile phase containing water-methanol-acetonitrile with gradient
elution, and detected at 303 nm. 5-Fluorouracil was used as internal standard.
Plasma extraction was done by liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane.
Result: The method was linear at concentration range of 2.0 – 200.0 ng/mL
with r > 0.9991 for 6-mercaptopurine and 20 – 2000 ng/mL with r > 0.9993 for
6-methylmercaptopurine. Accuracy and precision within-run and between-run
fulfill the acceptance criteria with % RE and relative standard deviation (%
RSD) ≤ 20% (LLOQ) and ≤ 15% (QC samples). 6-Mercaptopurine and 6-methylmercaptopurine
was stable in plasma at least for 21 days when stored at -20ºC.
Conclusion: The bio-analytical method was sensitive, selective and all the parameters
fulfilled the acceptance criteria of the EMA Bio-analytical Method
Validation Guideline, 2011.

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CHANGES IN MUSLIM DIVORCE MEDIATION IN INDONESIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE
YOGYAKARTA RELIGIOUS COURT

Rita Pranawati, Rita

This article explores the current mediation of Muslim divorce in the Yogyakarta religious court
in Indonesia. In 2008 the Indonesian Supreme Court introduced a regulation requiring that all
courts should adopt a uniform mediation procedure. This study analyses changes in the
mediation process in Yogyakarta since Nakamura conducted the Muslim divorce research in
the 1970s. The research shows that the current mediation process, which is still in a transition
stage, is a more systematic and formal procedure. This change is more appropriate for
educated and middle class clients but not necessarily for the poor, especially poor women.
However, the current system is more concerned about the rights of women and children. The
article considers the implications of the secularisation of mediation in Muslim divorce such as
the change of the administrative supervision of the Religious Court from the Ministry of
Religious Affairs to general court practice under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court where
previously the judge did not have more roles than the religious leaders. There is also some
tension between the new mediation system and Islamic mediation of the kind practised by
BP4.The certificate mediator requirement has also eliminated the BP4 volunteers who are not
eligible. The article concludes that a specific model of Muslim divorce mediation with suitable
success indicators needs to be developed. It should also involve BP4 to recognise its
experience in this area

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ANALISIS PENAMBATAN MOLEKUL SENYAWA FLAVONOID BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF.) BOERL.) PADA RESEPTOR Α-GLUKOSIDASE SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES

Supandi, Supandi

Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) merupakan buah yang banyak mengandung flavonoid yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat antidiabetes. Senyawa flavonoid yang berkhasiat antidiabetes pada buah mahkota dewa belum diketahui jenisnya sehingga perlu diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat interaksi senyawa flavonoid buah mahkota dewa terhadap enzim α-glukosidase melalui nilai energi bebas (binding affinity/ΔG˚) dan untuk mendapatkan jenis flavonoid yang sesungguhnya dari buah mahota dewa sebagai tahap pencarian kandidat obat antidiabetes yang baru. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini diawali dengan mencari struktur dari enzim α-glukosidase di RCSB kemudian dilakukan proses penambatan molekul, diamati visualisasinya melalui Pymol dan penentuan pocket cavity. Hasil penambatan molekul terhadap 10 senyawa flavonoid menunjukkan senyawa yang memiliki energi bebas terendah adalah fevicordin A dengan nilai -10,8 kcal/mol, sementara itu hasil visualisasi dari fevicordin A terdapat 5 residu asam amino yaitu; Leu 286, Phe 535, Ile 523, Ser 521, Arg 520.


Phaleria (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) is a fruit that contains flavonoids which can use as antidiabetic. Flavonoid compounds type in Phaleria is unknown, so it is need to be investigated. Purpose of this study were to see the interaction of flavonoids of Phaleria with α-glucosidase enzyme by binding affinity and to find out the most potent flavonoid of Phaleria as new drug candidate for antidiabetes. Implementation of this study begins with the search for the structure of the α-glucosidase enzyme in RCSB and then docking process, observed visually with Pymol and determination of pocket cavity. Results of molecular docking of 10 flavonoids, showed that the flavonoid with lowest free energy was fevicordin A with the value of 10.8 kcal/mol. The results visualization showed that fevicordin A have 5 amino acid residues.

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ANALISIS IN-SILICO SENYAWA DITERPENOID LAKTON HERBA SAMBILOTO (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES) PADA RESEPTOR ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES TIPE II

Supandi, Supandi

Diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe II merupakan penyakit kronis dengan jumlah penderita jutaan orang di dunia. Diabetes mellitus tipe II disebabkan oleh hormon insulin yang tidak mencukupi atau tidak efektif, sehingga tidak dapat bekerja secara normal. Enzim α-glukosidase bekerja pada dinding usus halus, dimana α-glukosidase akan memecah oligosakarida atau polisakarida menjadi glukosa yang dapat diserap oleh usus halus sehingga terjadi peningkatan kadar gula dalam darah. Herba sambiloto memiliki banyak senyawa diterpenoid lakton yang mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah. Senyawa diterpenoid lakton dapat menghambat penyerapan glukosa melalui penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dan α-amilase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kandidat obat yang berasal dari senyawa diterpenoid lakton herba sambiloto yang diharapkan mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah dengan metode molecular docking. Sepuluh senyawa aktif diterpenoid lakton sambiloto akan dibandingkan dengan acarbose. Hasil dari penelitian ini, dua senyawa diterpenoid lakton yang memiliki energi bebas terendah dan residu asam amino yang sesuai adalah 14-deoksiandrografolida dengan nilai energi -8,0 kkal/mol dan 19-O-asetilanhidroandrografolida dengan nilai energi -8,7 kkal/mol, sedangkan acarbose memiliki nilai energi -7,6 kkal/mol. Bioavaibilitas oral menurut aturan Lipinski, ligan 14-deoksiandrografolida dan 19-O-asetilanhidroandrografolida juga memiliki bioavaibilitas oral yang tinggi dibandingkan acarbose. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa 14-deoksiandrografolida dan 19-O-asetilanhidroandrografolida dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/351/

OPTIMASI DAN VALIDASI METODE ANALISIS IDENTIFIKASI ORTO, META, DAN PARA FENILENDIAMIN DALAM SEDIAAN PEWARNA RAMBUT SECARA KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI

Supandi, Supandi

Ortho, meta, and para phenylenediamine are prohibited ingredients of hair dye because they cause dermatitis, irritation, allergic reactions, and cancer. It is required a reliable and validated method to identify all three hair dyes simultaneously. The analysis method using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a ultra violet detector has been developed to identify ortho, meta, and para phenylenediamine in hair dye preparations. HPLC analytical method for the identification of ortho, meta , and para phenylenediamine was optimized using methanol: water: 0.5% sodium ascorbate (50: 40: 10) as a solvent and phenyl-C18 column X-bridge (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 µm particle size) with phosphate buffer solution pH 10: methanol (95: 5) as mobile phase, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL / min and UV detector at 290 nm. After optimized, the methode was validated. It can be concluded that the analysis method is valid with the retention time of ortho, meta and para phenylenediamine are 1.092%, 1.049% and 0.817%, respectively, and the limit of detection of ortho, meta, and para phenylenediamine are 0.132 µg/g, 0.195 µg/g and 62.468 µg/g, respectively.

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PRAGMATICS ROLE IN THE EFL TEACHING TO INDONESIAN JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Gunawan Suryoputro, Gunawan

EFL students crucially need pragmatic competence to communicate appropriately and effectively. However, teaching pragmatic aspects is easier said than done in the Indonesian classroom context. This study aimed to question (1) how Indonesian EFL textbook writers introduce pragmatic aspects to junior and senior high school students, (2) what barriers to teaching pragmatics are encountered by the Indonesian EFL teachers, and (3) to what extent EFL students make use of pragmatic aspects when they speak Indonesian and English. To address these questions, some English textbooks written by Indonesian writers were analyzed, and some Indonesian EFL teachers and students were selected to be respondents: answering questionnaires and composing short dialogues respectively. The result revealed that pragmatic aspects were partially discussed in the textbooks and rarely taught by the EFL teachers due to some obstacles. As a result, the EFL students’ pragmatic competence was not developed properly. Because of the importance of students’ pragmatic skills, a further study of a practical teaching is needed for the EFL teachers in order to facilitate the EFL students to develop their pragmatic competence.

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