Tag: ciracas.id

KOPOLIMERISASI CANGKOK POLI(KALIUMAKRILAT)- GELATIN HASIL IRADIASI GAMMA

KOPOLIMERISASI CANGKOK POLI(KALIUMAKRILAT)-GELATIN HASIL IRADIASI
GAMMA. Hidrogel Super Absorben (HSA) merupakan polimer yang dapat menyerap air dalam jumlah yang
relatif besar (± 1000 kali berat kering) dan salah satu baku penting khususnya untuk popok bayi/dewasa. Satu
seri HSA dibuat dari asam akrilat yang telah dinetralkan sebagian dengan KOH, lalu dicangkokan (grafting)
dengan gelatin pada konsentrasi 1% hingga 4 %(b/v,%) dan diiradiasi menggunakan sinar gamma pada dosis
tunggal 10 kGy (laju dosis 2,5 kGy/jam). Terjadi cangkok gelatin pada polimer diukur menggunakan Fourier
Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) dan morfologi diobservasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Fraksi gel dan kemampuan hidrogel dalammempertahankan air yang diserap (rasio swelling) dan Equilibrium
Degree of Swelling (EDS) hidrogel ditentukan dengan metode gravimetri. Hasil evaluasi menggunakan SEM,
morfologi permukaan HSA hasil iradiasi menunjukkan terjadi cangkok polimer (kalium akrilat) pada molekul
gelatin dan hasil pengukuran spektrum FT-IR menunjukkan gugus karboksilat (COOH) yang bereaksi dengan
gelatin.Meningkatnya konsentrasi gelatin hingga 4 %, rasio swelling, fraksi dan EDS hidrogel juga mengalami
peningkatan.HidrogelHSApoli (kaliumakrilat-g-gelatin dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai bahanmaterial kandidat
biodegradable hidrogel untuk aplikasi di biang kesehatan/farmasi.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/771/1/274753-kopolimerisasi-cangkok-polikaliumakrilat-021a36e3.pdf

HOMOLOGY MODELING EPITOP ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE TIPE 1 (R132H) MENGGUNAKAN MODELLER, I-TASSER DAN (PS)2 UNTUK VAKSIN GLIOMA

Glioma merupakan jenis tumor otak ganas primer. Adanya glioma dapat ditandai
dengan mutasi R132H pada Isocitrate dehydrogenase tipe 1 (IDH1). IDH1
(R132H) yang mengandung epitop imunogenik yang spesifik terhadap tumor dan
cocok untuk dijadikan vaksin perlu diketahui strukturnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu
dilakukan homology modeling epitop IDH1 (R132H). TMHMM, MEMSAT-SVM dan
MEMSAT3 digunakan untuk memprediksi topologi transmembran IDH1 (R132H).
Analisis epitop-epitop IDH1 (R132H) dilakukan menggunakan NetMHCII dan
IEDB. Epitop-epitop hasil analisis diprediksi antigenisitasnya dengan
menggunakan VaxiJen sehingga didapatkan 91 epitop. Homology modeling
epitop-epitop yang memiliki kemungkinan sebagai antigen dilakukan dengan
menggunakan Modeller, I-TASSER dan (PS)2. Hasil homology modeling epitopepitop
IDH1 (R132H) divalidasi dengan MolProbity, ProSA-web dan QMEAN.
Kemudian dipilih satu model 3D dari tiga model hasil homology modeling untuk
setiap epitop dan dilakukan refinement pada struktur Epitop-1 sampai Epitop-91
dengan menggunakan GalaxyRefine dan GROMACS untuk minimisasi energi.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/788/1/189-73-6520-1-10-20190410.pdf

Molecular Docking Study of Lemon (Citrus limon (Linn) Burm. f)
Flavonoid Derivatives Compound in Receptor Cyclooxygenase-1
(COX-1) as Antiplatelet in Ischaemic Stroke Disease

Lemon (Citrus limon (Linn) Burm. f) is a plant that has efficacy as antiplatelet. Flavonoids in lemon
potentially obstruct COX-1 (Cyclooxygenase-1) receptor which has an important role in increasing
thromboxane A2 in the process of ischaemic stroke. This research aims at looking for flavonoids activity
from citrus lemon which is expected to be the antiplatelet drug candidates. The method used in this research
was the molecular docking method using Autodock Vina and Pymol software programs. The results showed
that the value of ΔG binding affinity Aspirin as the standard ligand was -6,5 kcal/mol and lemon flavonoid
derivatives that have the lowest ΔG binding affinity value was on Neohesperidin -15,4 kcal/mol and Rutin -
15,3 kcal/mol. This research shows that Neohesperidin and Rutin in lemon can be used as drug candidate of
antiplatelet in ischaemic stroke disease.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/772/1/MICH-PhD_2018_4.pdf

In Silico Analysis of the Phytochemical Compounds in Carica papaya
Seeds for Optimizing the Inhibitors of HMG-CoA Reductase

HMG-CoA Reductase, a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyzes the conversion of 3-
hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) into mevalonate. Therefore, this enzyme is the target
of the cholesterol-lowering drugs known as statins. Carica papaya seed extract contains phytochemical
compounds that are thought to have a cholesterol-lowering effect. The present study was designed to
examine the ability of the secondary metabolites of Carica papaya seeds as an antagonist to HMG-CoA
reductase using in silico molecular docking. The docking analysis was carried out in PLANTS 1.2 software
in which the lowest ChemPLP score, i.e., free energy, was the molecular docking parameter. Seven ligands
were docked with HMG-CoA reductase receptor, three of which were benzyl glucosinolate, oleic acid, and
glucotropaeolin that had the best ChemPLP scores, namely -90.5491 kcal/mol, -81.7665kcal/mol, and -
85.1919 kcal/mol, respectively. Benzyl glucosinolate formed hydrogen bonds with the active site of the
targeted protein. As a conclusion, this compound can inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, and it has
the potential for anti-hypercholesterolemia.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/773/1/MICH-PhD_2018_22.pdf

Penggunaan DNA Mitokondria Sebagai Penanda
Sumber Gelatin Sediaan Gummy Dengan Teknik
Polymerase Chain Reaction dan Sekuensing DNA

Chewable lozenges atau gummy merupakan sediaan berbentuk kenyal yang dapat melepaskan zat aktifnya langsung
di dalam mulut atau tenggorokan. Bahan yang berpengaruh dalam konsistensi gummy tersebut berasal dari basis. Dalam sediaan
gummy, gelatin digunakan sebagai basis yang sebagian besar bersumber dari babi dan sapi. Identifikasi sumber bahan dapat
dilakukan dengan teknik PCR dan sekuensing DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sumber gelatin sediaan gummy impor tanpa
logo halal. Isolasi DNA genom daging babi dan sediaan gummy dilakukan dengan GeneJet Kit. Isolat DNA kemudian diamplifikasi
menggunakan primer spesifik DNA mitokondria sitokrom b. Selanjutnya, amplikon dianalisis dengan elektroforesis dan dilakukan
sekuensing DNA. Hasil elektroforesis amplikon daging babi dan sediaan gummy A menghasilkan pita DNA dengan ukuran 553 bp.
Analisis sekuensing DNA menunjukkan homologi dengan Sus scrofa breed long lin. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan
gelatin yang digunakan pada sediaan gummy A mengandung gelatin yang berasal dari babi Sus scrofa breed long lin.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/774/1/395-1205-3-PB.pdf

ANALISIS PERBEDAAN PENGOBATAN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II PADA PASIEN BPJS DAN PASIEN UMUM

Peningkatan prevalensi diabetes akan meningkatkan biaya pengobatan. BPJS diberlakukan di Indonesia sejak tahun 2014 dan sistem klaimnya menggunakan tarif INA CBGs. Rumah sakit harus dapat melakukan penghematan sehingga tarif INA CBGs menutupi seluruh biaya pasien. Salah satu penghematan adalah dengan menggunakan obat yang ada dalam formularium nasional atau obat generik terpilih. Tapi masih banyak masyarakat yang menganggap obat generik adalah obat murah dan tidak berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengobatan Diabetes Melitus pada pasien BPJS dan pasien umum dilihat dari lama rawat, penurunan kadar gula darah dan biaya terapi. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif di tiga rumah sakit. Data dianalisa terhadap 50 pasien umum dan 129 pasien BPJS dengan SPSS-22 menggunakan uji T dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan antara pasien BPJS dan pasien umum dalam hal lama pasien dirawat (p=0,219), penurunan kadar gula darah sewaktu (p=0,509) dan ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari biaya rata-rata terapi obat pada pasien BPJS dan pasien umum (p=0,030). Hasil penelitian tidak ada perbedaan penurunan kadar gula darah dan lama pasien di rawat di rumah sakit pada pasien BPJS dan pasien umum, sehingga dapat disimpulkan kualitas pelayanan pasien BPJS dan pasien umum adalah sama. Perbedaan terdapat pada biaya pengobatan, dimana biaya pengobatan pasien BPJS lebih murah dibandingkan dengan pasien umum sehingga pasien BPJS lebih diuntungkan dari pasien umum.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/775/1/%28222-227%29V8N10CT.pdf

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF INDONESIAN Peperomia pellucida (PIPERACEAE)

Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth. belongs to family Piperaceae, is used in traditional system of medicine for treatment of several disorders. The leaves was the main source of the raw material for the herb-drug product, so the material and some parameters identified were needed to ensure the safety, quality and efficacy of the product.The present study was to evaluation revealed interesting macros- and microscopic characteristic of the Indonesian plant and establishment of its quality parameters including fluorescence characters, physicochemical, and phytochemical screening.Fluorescence characters of powdered material were analysed under ultraviolet and ordinary light, which signifies their characteristics. Moisture content, alcohol and water soluble extractive were also determined, and were found to be 9.68 , 18.12 and 6.23%. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash value, water soluble and acid insoluble ash value were determined which were 7.03, 5.27, 0.55% respectively. The TLC profile of different extracts (hexane, DCM and methanol) of P. pellucida showed 10, 5 and 4 spot respectively. Phytochemical screening of aqueous ethanolic extract of leaf of the P. pellucida showed the presence of alkaloid, flavanoids, glycosides, phenols, saponin, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and carbohydrates. These present study help in identification and authentication of the plant material, such as information for correct identification of the plant and also will be useful in making monograph of the plant.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/778/1/NzY5a2FsYWkxNDc4NTIzNjk%3D.pdf

Effect of Using the Combination of Tween 80 and Ethanol on the
Forming and Physical Stability of Microemulsion of Eucalyptus
Oil as Antibacterial

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of increasing
concentrations of the combination of tween 80 and ethanol to the formation
and stability of the physical properties of eucalyptus oil microemulsion. Methods:
This oil is formulated into a microemulsion by increasing the concentration
of the combination of tween 80 and ethanol (1: 1) with various concentrations,
ie 40%, 45%, and 50% as a component of surfactant and cosurfactant. The
evaluation was done for 8 weeks covering organoleptic test, test phase separation,
viscosity test, measurement of pH, density measurements, measurements
of surface tension and particle size measurement. Results: The pH of
micro-emulsion showed in the range 5.4 to 6.2. Viscosity results obtained viscosity
values between 206.2 to 248 cps. Density measurement results were
between 0.9839 to 0.9904 g/ml. The results of surface tension measurement
results obtained between 35.83 to 37.10 dyne/cm. The results of particle size
measurement results obtained from 23.83 to 30.43 nm. Conclusion: It can be
concluded that the use of tween 80 and ethanol can form a microemulsion system
of eucalyptus oil, and with increasing concentrations of the combination
of tween 80 and ethanol can increase the stability of the physical properties of
the micro-emulsion system.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/776/1/181-455-1-PB.pdf

Curcumin encapsulation using dendrimer PAMAM G4 conjugated with polyethylene glycol to improve the properties of gel dossage form

Curcumin has a low bioavailability, therefore it needs to be encapsulated in the PAMAM dendrimer conjugated PEG to improve its bioavailability. To facilitate topical use, curcumin dendrimer was combined with a carbomer 940 that can produce hydration conditions in the stratum corneum to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. This study aimed to obtain the ratio between curcumin and dendrimer of PEG-conjugated PAMAM G4 in gel dosage form to produce the optimal of physical characteristics of dendrimer and physical stability of gel. The first step of this study was the formation of dendrimer of PEG-conjugated PAMAM G4 by using a ratio of 1: 5, and then encapsulated curcumin in dendrimer with a ratio of 1:0.2 (F1); 1:0.02 (F2) and 1:0.002 (F3). The next step was dendrimers formulated in a gel with a carbopol base 940. Evaluation of gel’s physical characteristics were polydispersity index, zeta potential, particle size, organoleptic, flow properties, and pH at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6. The results shows that F1 has zeta potential highest and the lowest viscosity of the other formula, while F3 has the lowest potential zeta and highest viscosity of other formulas. In addition, the polydispersity index, particle size, organoleptic, flow properties and pH; there are not a significant difference in each formula, but the particle size, zeta potential, and viscosity of gel can decrease with longer storage time. Conclusion of this study that the ratio 1 : 0.2 of curcumin and dendrimer of PEG-conjugated PAMAM G4 shows the optimal of physical characteristics of dendrimer and physical stability of gel.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/777/1/8940-25052-2-PB.pdf

SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION ENDOPHYTIC
BACTERIA FROM INDONESIAN BAY LEAVES (Eugenia polyantha
WIGHT) WITH ANTIBACTERIA ACTIVITY

For many years, herbs already utilized as traditional medicine to cure diseases,
particularly bacterial infections. One of potential herbs which reported has antibacterial activity
is Eugenia polyantha Wight. This herbs is commonly used as spices for food by Indonesian
people. Due to the significant increasing of multidrug resistance bacteria globally, the invention
of new antibiotics is urgently needed. One of alternative ways finding active compounds to solve
the problems is by using microbes inside plants. Unfortunately, no reports about endophytic
bacteria from Indonesian Bay Leaves especially its potential as antibacterial. This research
aimed to find endophytic bacteria isolates from Indonesian Bay Leaves which has antibacterial
activity against Salmonella typhi. First, we isolated the bacteria from fresh E. polyantha leaves
on agar medium then cultivated it using NB medium and continued to antibacterial assay by disc
diffusion. The 16 sRNA of isolate with inhibition ability was sequenced. We got three endophytic
bacteria isolates but only one isolate shown great antibacterial activity. According to the
similarity result by BLAST analysis the isolate had similarity to Bacillus sp, thus, we named the
isolate with B. subtilis strain WL-SM1.

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http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/779/1/%28222-227%29V8N10CT.pdf