Month: January 2021

PENGANTAR MANAJEMEN STRATEGIS UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH

Muchdie, Muchdie

Dibutuhkan pendekatan strategis terhadap masalah membangun kekayaan wilayah, dimana para pemimpin wilayah tersebut perlu mengembangkan visi, misi, kebijakan-kebijakan, dan struktur-struktur yang membimbing terhadap usaha-usaha pengembangan perekonomian wilayah. Manajemen strategis dapat dijadikan sebagai pendekatan. Konsep ini telah banyak diterapkan pada tingkat perusahaan dalam rangka memberikan arah perjalanan perusahaan tersebut di masa depan. Dengan pendekatan manajemen strategis tadi, perencana wilayah perlu merumuskan langkah demi langkah untuk menentukan jalur terbaik dalam mencapai tujuan pengembangan perekonomian wilayah.

Dibutuhkan pendekatan strategis terhadap masalah membangun kekayaan wilayah, dimana para pemimpin wilayah tersebut perlu mengembangkan visi, misi, kebijakan-kebijakan, dan struktur-struktur yang membimbing terhadap usaha-usaha pengembangan perekonomian wilayah. Manajemen strategis dapat dijadikan sebagai pendekatan. Konsep ini telah banyak diterapkan pada tingkat perusahaan dalam rangka memberikan arah perjalanan perusahaan tersebut di masa depan. Dengan pendekatan manajemen strategis tadi, perencana wilayah perlu merumuskan langkah demi langkah untuk menentukan jalur terbaik dalam mencapai tujuan pengembangan perekonomian wilayah.

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SECTOR AND SPATIAL-SPECIFIC MULTIPLIERS IN EASTERN INDONESIA’S ECONOMY: AN INTER-ISLAND INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS

Muchdie, Muchdie

This paper aimed to provide the results of analysis on total and flow-on effects, sector-specific, and spatial-specific
multipliers in Eastern Indonesia’s Islands economy, mainly for planning and evaluation purposes. These Islands consist of thr ee
groups of big Islands such as: Sulawesi (6 provinces), Maluku (2 provinces) and Papua (2 provinces). The model employed was InterIsland
Input-Output
Model
(IIIOM)
developed
using
new
hybrid
procedures
with
special
reference
to
Island economy. Data used for
model were updated to Indonesian data for the year of 2015. The results show that firstly, the important sectors of Eastern Indonesia’s
Island economy could be based on total multipliers and flow-on effects of output, income and employment. Secondly, important
economic sectors could be based on sector-specific multipliers of output, income and employment; multipliers that occurred in own
sector and other sectors. Thirdly, important economic sectors could be based on spatial-specific multipliers of output, income and
employment; multipliers that occurred both in own region and other regions.
economic sectors could be based on sector-specific multipliers of output, income and employment; multipliers that occurred in own of output, income and employment; multipliers that occurred in own of output, income and employment
sector and other sectors. Thirdly, important economic sectors could be based on spatial-specific multipliers
; multipliers that occurred both in own region and other re

This paper aimed to provide the results of analysis on total and flow-on effects, sector-specific, and spatial-specific
multipliers in Eastern Indonesia’s Islands economy, mainly for planning and evaluation purposes. These Islands consist of thr ee
groups of big Islands such as: Sulawesi (6 provinces), Maluku (2 provinces) and Papua (2 provinces). The model employed was InterIsland
Input-Output
Model
(IIIOM)
developed
using
new
hybrid
procedures
with
special
reference
to
Island economy. Data used for
model were updated to Indonesian data for the year of 2015. The results show that firstly, the important sectors of Eastern Indonesia’s
Island economy could be based on total multipliers and flow-on effects of output, income and employment. Secondly, important
economic sectors could be based on sector-specific multipliers of output, income and employment; multipliers that occurred in own
sector and other sectors. Thirdly, important economic sectors could be based on spatial-specific multipliers of output, income and
employment; multipliers that occurred both in own region and other regions.
economic sectors could be based on sector-specific multipliers of output, income and employment; multipliers that occurred in own of output, income and employment; multipliers that occurred in own of output, income and employment
sector and other sectors. Thirdly, important economic sectors could be based on spatial-specific multipliers
; multipliers that occurred both in own region and other re

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SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF MULTIPLIERS IN SUMATRA ISLAND ECONOMY:
AN INTER-REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS

Muchdie, Muchdie

This paper provides the results of analysis of total, sectoral-specific,
and spatial-specific multipliers and flow-on effects in Sumatera Island
economy. The model employed was Inter-Regional Input-Output
Model (IRIOM) developed using new hybrid procedures with special
attention on Island economy. Data used for model were updated
Indonesian data for the year of 2015. The results show that firstly, the
important sectors of Sumatra Island economy could be based on total
multipliers and flow-on effects of output, income and employment.
Secondly, important economic sectors could be based on sector-specific
multipliers effects; multipliers that occurred in own sector and other
sectors. Thirdly, important economic sectors could be based on spatialspecific

multipliers; multipliers that occurred both in own region and
other regions. Fourthly, important economic sectors could be based on
spatial distribution of flow-on; flow-on effects that occurred in own
region as well as in other regions.

This paper provides the results of analysis of total, sectoral-specific,
and spatial-specific multipliers and flow-on effects in Sumatera Island
economy. The model employed was Inter-Regional Input-Output
Model (IRIOM) developed using new hybrid procedures with special
attention on Island economy. Data used for model were updated
Indonesian data for the year of 2015. The results show that firstly, the
important sectors of Sumatra Island economy could be based on total
multipliers and flow-on effects of output, income and employment.
Secondly, important economic sectors could be based on sector-specific
multipliers effects; multipliers that occurred in own sector and other
sectors. Thirdly, important economic sectors could be based on spatialspecific

multipliers; multipliers that occurred both in own region and
other regions. Fourthly, important economic sectors could be based on
spatial distribution of flow-on; flow-on effects that occurred in own
region as well as in other regions.

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ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HAPPINESS: A CROSS-NATIONS PATH ANALYSIS MODEL

Muchdie, Muchdie

This paper directly and indirectly examines the impact of economic growth on happiness, with human development as
moderator variable. Cross-nations data on economic growth, human development, and happiness indices were collected from 124
countries and employed in a path analysis model. The results show that economic growth had a direct negative and significant impact
on both happiness and human development. Meanwhile, human development had a positive and significant direct impact on happiness.
Indirectly, through moderator variable human development, economic growth again had a negative and significant impact on
happiness. An implication of this finding was that economic growth is no longer a single important factor of a development indicator. It
is then suggested that human development, rather than economic growth, sustainably be promoted in order to make everyone always
feels happy

This paper directly and indirectly examines the impact of economic growth on happiness, with human development as
moderator variable. Cross-nations data on economic growth, human development, and happiness indices were collected from 124
countries and employed in a path analysis model. The results show that economic growth had a direct negative and significant impact
on both happiness and human development. Meanwhile, human development had a positive and significant direct impact on happiness.
Indirectly, through moderator variable human development, economic growth again had a negative and significant impact on
happiness. An implication of this finding was that economic growth is no longer a single important factor of a development indicator. It
is then suggested that human development, rather than economic growth, sustainably be promoted in order to make everyone always
feels happy

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INFLASI, PENGANGGURAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI
DI NEGARA-NEGARA ISLAM

Muchdie, Muchdie

This paper discuss on inflation, unemployment and economic growth in Islamic State Nations.
There are two types of Islamic state nations in this study, namely Islamic states that have adopted
Islam as the ideological foundation and constitution (6 countries) and the other one is that Muslimmajority
nation-states
that
have
endorsed
Islam as
their
state
religion
(14

countries). The Philips
curve does exist in the countries as indicated by negative correlation between inflation rate and the
rate of unemployment which was statistically significant, although the coefficent of determination
was very small. Multiple regression analysis which inflation and unemployment were independent
variables and economic growth was dependent variable showed that there were not significant
simultant negative influences of the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment toward economic
growth. But, partially both inflation and unemployment have significant negative impact on
economic growth in Islamic countries.

This paper discuss on inflation, unemployment and economic growth in Islamic State Nations.
There are two types of Islamic state nations in this study, namely Islamic states that have adopted
Islam as the ideological foundation and constitution (6 countries) and the other one is that Muslimmajority
nation-states
that
have
endorsed
Islam as
their
state
religion
(14

countries). The Philips
curve does exist in the countries as indicated by negative correlation between inflation rate and the
rate of unemployment which was statistically significant, although the coefficent of determination
was very small. Multiple regression analysis which inflation and unemployment were independent
variables and economic growth was dependent variable showed that there were not significant
simultant negative influences of the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment toward economic
growth. But, partially both inflation and unemployment have significant negative impact on
economic growth in Islamic countries.

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KEBERARTIAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI DI PULAU JAWA DALAM PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA :
ANALISIS INPUT-OUTPUT ANTARDAERAH

Muchdie, Muchdie

The island of Java is significantly important for the Indonesian economy as the national economy is highly concentrated in this island. Historically, the island of Java has dominated the Indonesian economy since the colonial era. More than 60 per cent output of the Indonesian economy resulted by the island of Java. Using an inter-island input-output model, this paper shows the economic significant of manufacturing industry, the island of Java and Java’s manufacturing industry in the Indonesian economy.

The island of Java is significantly important for the Indonesian economy as the national economy is highly concentrated in this island. Historically, the island of Java has dominated the Indonesian economy since the colonial era. More than 60 per cent output of the Indonesian economy resulted by the island of Java. Using an inter-island input-output model, this paper shows the economic significant of manufacturing industry, the island of Java and Java’s manufacturing industry in the Indonesian economy.

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INDONESIA’S INTER-REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT
MODEL: A NEW HYBRID PROCEDURE FOR AN ISLAND ECONOMY

Muchdie, Muchdie

Tulisan ini menggagas sebuah prosedur hibrida baru dalam penyusunan model input-output antardaerah pada suatu perekonomian kepulauan, dengan mengacu kepada kasus khusus Indonesia. Prosedur ini, disebut GIRIOT, merupakan kombinasi dan modifikasi dari prosedur GRIT II dan GRIT III; prosedur hibrida yang dirancang untuk perekonomian maju di negara benua. Dua prosedur hibrida dalam penyusunan model input-output antardaerah akan ditelaah. Kemudian, empat pertimbangan dasar dari prosedur hibrida baru akan dikemukakan, sebelum prosedur yang diusulkan dibahas; tahap demi tahap. Menggunakan data Indonesia, dua model input-output antardaerah kemudian dihasiikan. Pengujian validitas model menunjukkan bahwa prosedur yang digagas menghasilkan model input-output antardaerah yang dalam batas tertentu mencerminkan karakteristik perekonomian kepulauan Indonesia.

Tulisan ini menggagas sebuah prosedur hibrida baru dalam penyusunan model input-output antardaerah pada suatu perekonomian kepulauan, dengan mengacu kepada kasus khusus Indonesia. Prosedur ini, disebut GIRIOT, merupakan kombinasi dan modifikasi dari prosedur GRIT II dan GRIT III; prosedur hibrida yang dirancang untuk perekonomian maju di negara benua. Dua prosedur hibrida dalam penyusunan model input-output antardaerah akan ditelaah. Kemudian, empat pertimbangan dasar dari prosedur hibrida baru akan dikemukakan, sebelum prosedur yang diusulkan dibahas; tahap demi tahap. Menggunakan data Indonesia, dua model input-output antardaerah kemudian dihasiikan. Pengujian validitas model menunjukkan bahwa prosedur yang digagas menghasilkan model input-output antardaerah yang dalam batas tertentu mencerminkan karakteristik perekonomian kepulauan Indonesia.

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TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND RETURN TO SCALE IN THE
INDONESIA ECONOMY DURING THE NEW ORDER AND THE
REFORMATION GOVERNMENTS

Muchdie, Muchdie

This paper analyses technical efficiency and return to scale in the Indonesia economy during the
year of 1967 to 2013. These range of years covering two eras of Indonesian government; the New
Order era that lasted between the year of 1966 to 1998 and the Reformation era during the year 1998
to 2014. The analysis was also based on the Indonesia economy’s business cycle those categorised
as Oil Booming Phase (1967-1981), Recession Phase (1982-1986), Deregulation Phase (1987-1996),
Multidimension Crisis Phase (1997-2001) and Economic Recovery Phase (2002-2013). Using data on
Gross Domestic Product based on constant price of the year 2000, capital stock with the same based
year and employment (1967-2013), Cobb-Douglas production functions were exercised to calculate
technical efficiency and return to scale employing regression analysis tehniques. The results shows
that technical effiency during the New Order Goverment were better than those during Reformation
Goverment. The results also showed that technical efficiencies vary among phases in the Indonesian
economy.

This paper analyses technical efficiency and return to scale in the Indonesia economy during the
year of 1967 to 2013. These range of years covering two eras of Indonesian government; the New
Order era that lasted between the year of 1966 to 1998 and the Reformation era during the year 1998
to 2014. The analysis was also based on the Indonesia economy’s business cycle those categorised
as Oil Booming Phase (1967-1981), Recession Phase (1982-1986), Deregulation Phase (1987-1996),
Multidimension Crisis Phase (1997-2001) and Economic Recovery Phase (2002-2013). Using data on
Gross Domestic Product based on constant price of the year 2000, capital stock with the same based
year and employment (1967-2013), Cobb-Douglas production functions were exercised to calculate
technical efficiency and return to scale employing regression analysis tehniques. The results shows
that technical effiency during the New Order Goverment were better than those during Reformation
Goverment. The results also showed that technical efficiencies vary among phases in the Indonesian
economy.

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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND HAPPINESS: A CROSS-NATIONS PATH ANALYSIS

Muchdie, Muchdie

This paper analysis direct and indirect impacts of economic development indicators that consist of economic growth, human development and global competitiveness, on happiness. Cross-section data on economic growth, human development, global competitiveness and happiness were collected from 123 countries and employed to a path analysis model. The result showed that directly, in Path-1 the impact of economic growth on happiness was negative and significant. Indirectly, the impacts of economic growth on happiness varied depend on the path. In Path-7, P43-P31, the impact of economic growth on happiness through global competitiveness was positive and significant. In Path-8, P43-P32-P21, the impact of economic growth on happiness through global competitiveness and human development was negative, but statistically was not significant. Finally, in Path-9, P42-P21, the impact of economic growth on happiness through humandevelopment was negative but statistically was not significant. The implication of this finding was that economic growth no longer important factor in development, especially when development aimed to make people happy.

This paper analysis direct and indirect impacts of economic development indicators that consist of economic growth, human development and global competitiveness, on happiness. Cross-section data on economic growth, human development, global competitiveness and happiness were collected from 123 countries and employed to a path analysis model. The result showed that directly, in Path-1 the impact of economic growth on happiness was negative and significant. Indirectly, the impacts of economic growth on happiness varied depend on the path. In Path-7, P43-P31, the impact of economic growth on happiness through global competitiveness was positive and significant. In Path-8, P43-P32-P21, the impact of economic growth on happiness through global competitiveness and human development was negative, but statistically was not significant. Finally, in Path-9, P42-P21, the impact of economic growth on happiness through humandevelopment was negative but statistically was not significant. The implication of this finding was that economic growth no longer important factor in development, especially when development aimed to make people happy.

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PENDAHULUAN

Muchdie, Muchdie

Sepanjang sejarah, teknologi telah memberikan pengaruh yang mendalam bagi perkembangan kemanusiaan dan kemajuan peradaban. Dibutuhkan waktu sekitar 2 juta tahun untuk mengubah kebiasaan manusia bercocok tanam dari peladang berpindah menjadi petani yang memanfaatkan peralatan dan menggunakan tenaga hewan. Kemajuan ini secara signifikan membawa perubahan bagi peradaban manusia. Beberapa ribu tahun kemudian telah disaksikan munculnya teknologi roda, kincir dan peralatan-peralatan mekanis. Kurang dari dua abad yang lalu mesin uap dan sistem pabrik telah mendorong dimulainya revolusi industri, Energi dihasilkan dari air, dari tenaga mekanis, listrik dan nuklir sehingga memungkinkan umat manusia untuk melakukan perubahan dalam cara hidupnya. Belum pernah ada dalam sejarah dimana teknologi mempunyai peran yang begitu besar dalam kehidupan manusia, seperti halnya sekarang ini. Teknologi telah merambah ke dalam segala aspek kehidupan manusia. Keberhasilan kegiatan pemerintah, perusahaan global, perusahaan swasta dan individual sangat bergantung kepada teknologi. Tingkat kemajuan teknologi dan ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap teknologi telah mempercepat pergerakan dunia menuju abad 21

Sepanjang sejarah, teknologi telah memberikan pengaruh yang mendalam bagi perkembangan kemanusiaan dan kemajuan peradaban. Dibutuhkan waktu sekitar 2 juta tahun untuk mengubah kebiasaan manusia bercocok tanam dari peladang berpindah menjadi petani yang memanfaatkan peralatan dan menggunakan tenaga hewan. Kemajuan ini secara signifikan membawa perubahan bagi peradaban manusia. Beberapa ribu tahun kemudian telah disaksikan munculnya teknologi roda, kincir dan peralatan-peralatan mekanis. Kurang dari dua abad yang lalu mesin uap dan sistem pabrik telah mendorong dimulainya revolusi industri, Energi dihasilkan dari air, dari tenaga mekanis, listrik dan nuklir sehingga memungkinkan umat manusia untuk melakukan perubahan dalam cara hidupnya. Belum pernah ada dalam sejarah dimana teknologi mempunyai peran yang begitu besar dalam kehidupan manusia, seperti halnya sekarang ini. Teknologi telah merambah ke dalam segala aspek kehidupan manusia. Keberhasilan kegiatan pemerintah, perusahaan global, perusahaan swasta dan individual sangat bergantung kepada teknologi. Tingkat kemajuan teknologi dan ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap teknologi telah mempercepat pergerakan dunia menuju abad 21

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